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Strange New Planet Has Three Suns
Strange New Planet Has Three Suns
Sep 22, 2024 12:36 PM

At a Glance

During part of the planet's orbit, all three stars are visible on the same day, offering triple sunrises and sunsets.Triple-star systems with detected planets are rare enough; this is believed to be just the fifth such discovery

A newly discovered planet is possibly the strange world of sci-fi lovers' dreams, with its triple sunrises and sunsets and periods of nonstop daylight.

Found in the Constellation Centaurus, Planet HD 131339 Ab was revealed Thursday by astronomers, who said this new world has three suns and a year lasting 550 Earth years.

Lead author Kevin Wagner, who discovered HD 131339 Ab, said he's thrilled "to have seen such a beautiful part of nature that nobody else has seen."

As amazing as three sunsets and sunrises are, "I think nature will have some other surprises in store for us as we continue exploring," said Wagner, a doctoral student at the University of Arizona at Tucson.

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Triple-star systems with detected planets are rare enough; this is believed to be just the fifth such discovery. But the new giant gassy world has the biggest known orbit in a multi-star system.

Its orbit is double Pluto's — or roughly 550 Earth years. That's how long it takes to orbit its system's brightest star, a super-size sun. The two smaller stars orbit one another and, as a pair, orbit with their big stellar brother.

Planet HD 131399Ab has four times the mass of our own Jupiter. With such a wide orbit and companion stars, scientists would expect a planet like this to be kicked out in a tug of stellar war. Yet that's not the case.

During part of the planet's orbit, all three stars are visible on the same day, offering triple sunrises and sunsets and allowing for day and night. For about one-fourth of its year — around 100 to 140 Earth years — there's continuous daylight. That's because as the big sun is rising, the two smaller ones are setting.

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"With three suns, the planet will see different weird combinations of sunrises and sunsets," said co-author Daniel Apai, a University of Arizona astronomer.

He added: "This is a system for which I would not want to design a calendar."

The astronomers used the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile to spot the planet 320 light-years away. It is one of the few exoplanets — planets outside our own solar system — to be directly imaged. Most exoplanets are identified by periodic dips in starlight as the planets pass between us and their stars.

The team reported the discovery Thursday in the journal Science.

As for the planet's alphabet-soup label, "I wish we had a better name," Wagner noted. There is an official protocol for naming planets and their surface features. The International Astronomical Union, in fact, has a relatively new group to handle public naming campaigns.

"Informally, we called in "The Planet," Apai said. "But with more possible planet candidates in sight, we will have to change this soon."

MORE ON WEATHER.COM: 10 Things You Need to Know About the Juno Mission to Jupiter

Juno's mission is to get a glimpse of the of Jupiter's surface through the planet's cloud-socked atmosphere and map the interior from a unique vantage point above the poles. Some questions NASA hopes to answer: How much water exists? Is there a solid core? Why are Jupiter's southern and northern lights the brightest in the solar system?

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